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4] Resistance:[R]


---> It is a proportionality in ohm's law relating current to potential difference.

---> Opposition to the flow of current and in doing so converts electrical energy in to heat energy.
                                               
                                          V=RI
                                         
                                           I=V/R=G
Where GV= 1/R, R and G are respectively resistance and conductance of a conductor.

---> resistance depends on physical condition of conductor, mainly on the temperature.

---> If conductor positive temperature co-efficient then resistance of conductor increases with temperature revers happens for negative temperature co-efficient.

---> resistance are connected in series current through all resistance are same but voltage across them are different.

                       R=R1+R2+R3+R4.........+Rn

---> Resistor are connected in parallel current through each resistance are different but voltage across them are same.
                       
                      1/R=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3.......+1/Rn

where n is number resistance.

---> dissipated [in the form of heat] in a resistance.

                       P=Vi=i^2R=V^2/R watts.
and the corresponding amount of energy converted to heat in time interval t2-t1 is given as

                       W=integral t1to t2 R i^2 dt joules.
                  
 when i is a constant quantity, I, the above may be written as W=RI^2 t joules. [when t=t2-t1]